The Hobbit, By John Ronald Reuel Tolkien - 1501 Words

Love, an unrelenting potency, which has an impetuous cogency on one’s will to act, leading them to the peak of incertitude, and educing one’s neurosis. â€Å"This is the very ecstasy of love† (2.1.101). Literature throughout the ages has allegorized love in many antithetic contexts, whether it be: dear benevolence or quixotic love to amorous romance. Love can be descried, as the inception of perturbed emotions, and inconceivable incentives. However, it is not egregious in literature to delineate of the dismal satire of love. Be it love for another person; for satisfaction; or one’s aptitude and self-fortitude, this stimulus can motivate one to achieve even the most insurmountable of things. For instance, in John Ronald Reuel Tolkien’s†¦show more content†¦These two texts have both consonant and disparate concepts that surely contrast and compare to each other astutely, which consist of their respective plots, the personas of the main prot agonists, and the edifying influence of their themes. The Hobbit takes place in a bantam encampment, which resides near the outer periphery of the eccentric continent of Middle-Earth. This diminutive settlement is indwelled by its inhabitants, the Hobbits, a race which are kindred to human beings, they savor food; they listen to harmonious music, and are fond of inhabiting their â€Å"hole in the ground†¦.Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell†¦.it was a hobbit-hole, and that means comfort.†(Tolkien, 1) On the outskirts of Bag End, near the edge of Bagshot Row in Hobbiton, lived a geriatric wizard named Gandalf, who was on the pursuance of being chaperoned with a valiant Hobbit on an adventure. He concurred to recruit Bilbo Baggins, a scion of the ‘Took’ family, a lineage of gallant Hobbits, who went on precarious adventures to the ‘Misty Mountains’, situated near the fringes of Hobbiton. Once, when G andalf visited Bag End, he sojourned Biblo, for his first time. However, when discerning the incentive of Gandalf’s visit, Bilbo timorously declined to his request, in spite of Gandalf remaining persistent. The next day, Gandalf

Pleasantville Film Analysis Essay - 765 Words

The film Pleasantville directed by Gary Ross is about two modern teenagers, David and his sister Jennifer, somehow being transported into the television, ending up in Pleasantville, a 1950s black and white sitcom. The two are trapped as Bud and Mary Sue in a radically different dimension and make some huge changes to the bland lives of the citizens of Pleasantville, with the use of the director’s cinematic techniques. Ross cleverly uses cinematic techniques such as colour, mise-en-scene, camera shots, costumes, music and dialogue to effectively tell the story. The town of Pleasantville is dull and this is reflected by its lack of colour - the town is completely black and white. Black and white life is simple and uncomplicated. However†¦show more content†¦Everyone in Pleasantville had a routine which was strictly followed day to day. Everyone wore the same style of clothes. Even the houses were the same, with picket fences adorning houses and everyone having the same car. Ross uses mise-en-scene to contrast idealistic, conservative American views and reality. He highlights the fact that the people of Pleasantville like everything to be kept to a routine. Their world has little time for change and is a complete contrast to realistic America. Fifties clothing was conservative. Men wore gray flannel suits and women wore dresses with pinched in waists and high heels. Gender roles were strongly held. Families worked together, played together and vacationed together at family themed entertainment. Indecent language was not used frequently. The biggest issue with reference to language used was the frequent use of God as an exclamation or declaration. Camera shots and angles are also used by Ross as a cinematic technique. The lack of engagement in class of a close up of David’s face is an example. David’s face show the expression of boredom and tiredness, as he listens to the teacher talk. Another example of a camera technique is the close up of David asking out a girl. It shows the strength and courage David has in him, but a long shot shows us that the girl is hundreds of meters away. This conveys that David is too socially inept toShow MoreRelatedPleasantville Analysis of Film Techniques against the Theme of Change2162 Words   |  9 PagesHow are we made aware of the filmmakers attitude towards change? Refer to three specific episodes from the film. (excl. concl. stages)In Pleasantville, the filmmaker, Gary Ross, conveys his attitude towards change through the characters of David and Jennifer who are transported into the 1950s sitcom Pleasantville. He doesnt necessarily demonstrate change to bear a positive res ult; rather, he addresses that change is essential to the development of society and self and that it is important toRead MorePleasantville1586 Words   |  7 PagesTiffany Niemiller November 15th, 2010 Utopia/Dystopia Dr. Viau Pleasantville Pleasantville is a great movie with many hidden messages. The not so obvious but informative messages are one of best aspects of this nineties flick. The special effects are impressive considering this movie is indeed from the nineties. Pleasantville touches base on many actual conflicts in America and throughout history in the most subtle but blunt way. My favorite thing about this movie is how it takes this blindRead MoreColor Change In Pleasantville889 Words   |  4 PagesPleasantville Analysis Essay In Pleasantville, Gary Ross uses â€Å"Across the Universe† In order to highlight the characters acceptance of their new world of change. The lyrics â€Å"Nothings gonna change my world† defines the thought process of the characters from Pleasantville. The instrument used in these defining words is the idea that, as much as the world around a person changes, the person will picture the happy days that they have experienced. The expression on the casts faces is the brief look

Nescafe and Its Enterprise Type Free Essays

Nescafe, one of the top ten most valuable brands in the world, has over 50% instant coffee market share of the world, followed by General Food, Maxwell House and Brooke Bond. It’s so successful that some people in some of the Asian country such as China think that instant coffee is the whole world of coffee in 1990s. Such impressive influences come from Nescafe’s insight on the market situation and its own capability, fast response and feasible strategies. We will write a custom essay sample on Nescafe and Its Enterprise Type or any similar topic only for you Order Now On this analysis, we will try to define instant coffee’s market as a standard cycle market. Giving its characteristic, we will see what strategy Nescafe created to maintain the sustainable growth and continue generating rents. We will give example on what Nescafe did in China to analyze the entry barrier, convergence, oligopolistic scale orchestration, etc. We consider instant coffee market as the standard cycle based on the following concerns: 1. Convergence: Both Nescafe and Maxwell were the earliest two instant coffee providers in China. They entered the market in late 1970s. For a decade from 1980 to 1990, coffee could be only found in Hotel and high-end restaurants, but not in stores or supermarkets. Those 10 years seems a conflict with the convergence of standard cycle which normally took around 4 years. However, because the demand on coffee was so low at that moment, I would not consider those 10 years as part of the convergence of standard cycle. Instead, I would say the convergence of instant coffee market started from 1990. At that moment, Chinese people was getting rich thanks to the reform and opening-up policy. Nevertheless, the price of a cup of Nescafe coffee is around 30 times of that of apples. In 1992, Nescafe started its production in China and making Nescafe cheaper and more accessible. Nescafe did exceptionally well in 1990s when it made â€Å"Nestle† a symbol of coffee. However, it didn’t take much long that the price of Nescafe dropped rapidly to the same as several apples. This time line fitted the standard cycle convergence. And today, we can see that a small bag of Nescafe costs less than an apple in the super markets. 2. Alignment As I said above, Nescafe played really well in the China market. It knew the market and its own capability, and adopted the right strategies. We will see how it did such a nice job in those 3 points separately: 3. Markets: China’s instant coffee was a brand new market back to 1990. There were no more than 5 companies providing instant coffee there. All of them were foreign companies and no one had its own factories in China. Foreign companies required approval from Chinese government to build factories there. In 1990s, Chinese instant coffee market was booming regarding to people’s acceptance on coffee an d large population base. As TV got more and more popular, brand loyalty were easier to build through advertisement and people tend to be sticky to the brand with the first taste. . 2 Capabilities: As the biggest instant coffee provider, Nescafe has the capital and reputation advantage to set up a factory in China. Its over 100 year management and marketing experience should help them to open emerging market easily. Its exceptionally and traditionally well-arranged and warm advertisement would touch the soul of the Chinese people. The entry barrier to set up an instant coffee factory was quite high. It not only required huge investment but also a minimum production which may exceed the market demand in the early stage of the market. 3. 3 Strategies: Nescafe set up its production line in 1992, and made effort to build up a strong sales network, management team which were not easy to duplicated by competitors. Meanwhile, they differentiate themselves as the high quality coffee provider at the very beginning, focusing on quality control and manufacturing process, keeping promoting that core value, so that they set up an reputation line that is hardly exceeded by its competitors. For a standard cycle market, an easy exit level is also very important. However, it’s not easy to achieve in the instant coffee market because it require a huge investment on property, plant and equipments. Once the market turns to competitive market as what it looks like today, the sunken investment would be huge and companies may have to keep producing and struggle to survive. 3. Segmentation of Cost Leadership and Differentiate We took Nescafe, Maxwell, Brooke Bond and some other local brand such as Super Coffeemix as example. Nescafe, Maxwell and Brooke Bond control over 70% of the instant coffee in China, and they are the oligopolistic players in the market. They differentiate themselves from quality, tastes, innovation and customer experiences. The rest 30% market share are controlled by many of the local small coffee producers who are competing on prices. Cost Leadership| Differentiate| Super CoffeeMix $5 / 100g| Nescafe $10 / 100g| Most other local brand| Brooke Bond $ 8. 2 / 100g| |   |   | Maxwell $ 7. 8 / 100g| From the above table, we can see that almost all of the Chinese local brand are in the circle of cost leadership because they are usually lack of systematic quality control, avoid excessive marketing investment, don’t need to concern social responsibility. Those brands took over 30% – 40% of the market share in Tier 2 cities in China. On the contrary, Nescafe, Brooke Bond, and Maxwell differentiated themselves with quality, various favors, and providers of coffee-along products such as sugar, milk power etc. They try to build some connection between their coffee and a sweet, relaxed and high quality life. An advertisement from Nescafe shows a lady sitting beside a round table, under a fantastic weather and enjoying her afternoon tea time with some dimsum. After tasting the Nescafe, she closed her eyes, seemed very pleased and satisfied, and appreciated â€Å"It tastes so good†. This advertisement happened in the 1990s and was so popular that making Nescafe as a symbol of sweet life. 4. Scale Orchestration’s four sections 5. 4 Scale: Nestle fully takes advantage of its scale. Nestle brought its Nescafe to China in 1978, and established its first factory in China in 1990. In 2010, Nestle accumulatively makes over 8. 3 billion RMB (around 1. 3 billion USD)Foreign Direct Investment in China , hires over 14,000 employees, runs 22 factories and sold out over 1. 5 million pieces of Nescafe products every day. It takes over 25% of the instant coffee in China, a market values over 5. billion RMB ( around 0. 8 billion USD) and grows over 15% per year. 5. 5 Learning: Nestle has a very well arranged and systematic employee training program. High-performing employees are invited to Headquarter in Swiss education center to have further management trainings. From 2000, Nestle China started the first two-year â€Å"Nestle (China) Management Development Plan† aiming to promote 500 local employees to management level in 2010 to enforce the localization strategy. Besides, Nestle also provides advanced technology and solutions to farmers and helps them to plant the high quality coffee bean in China. 5. Product: Nescafe has much more diversified products now than before. It has Nescafe 3+1, Nescafe Cappuccino, Nescafe Classic, Nescafe Decaf. It also has over 10 different favors, include powder bag and beverage, different package either to help making coffee easier or to be elegant to send as gift. Beyond the rich aroma and delicious tastes from the coffee, Nescafe try to provide further connection on efficiency, relaxation, stimulation, health and graveness through its products. 5. 7 Process: After over 20 year business running in China, Nescafe found its way to continue stable and sustainable growth in China. It has its Labeling Standards which is the instruction to define logo, color, letter font, paragraph distance, and Package Design Manual which makes sure package style and materials are globally standardized. Besides, Nescafe also cut down its global media partners to 5 major advertisement agents. This strategy not only helps Nescafe to have precise cost control, but also guarantee its advertisement to be in a more consistent format and to provide the same mainstream idea in a certain period. All those four section make a generic structure which helps Nescafe to be successful in a standard cycle. . Can Nescafe turn into a long-cycle market player? The critical element in the long-cycle market is the strong isolating mechanisms. The key player in the market set up the monopoly power by lifting the entry barriers, without spending too much investment to create economic scale. Can Nescafe try to set up some strong isolating mechanisms to take over the market? It’s possible but ve ry hard. 6. 8 Brand Lock-in As the earliest instant coffee producer who established a well-known brand name in China. Try to set up brand lock-in is the easiest way for Nescafe to create isolating mechanism. By heavy investment on media advisement, Nescafe is having loyalty from a majority of consumers who works in office and has to work late. 6. 9 Resource barriers Yunnan Province in China is the best place to cultivate coffee bean because of its mild wet weather. Nescafe convinced the local farmers to plant coffee bean from 1990s. Through last 20 years, Nescafe provided training to those farmers, increased the beans’ quality and production. If Nescafe is able to collect the best quality beans from Yunnan, it will set up resource barriers to prevent competitors from competing on quality. . Does the instant coffee market tend to turn into fast-cycle? Capital investment is not a critical entry barrier for instant coffee market any more. If tracking the instant coffee products in the market, we will see new products (new package, new favor or new cafe component, etc) are launched much faster than before. It’s not only because the taste of consumers are keeping changing quickl y, but also because instant coffee producers are investing more on RD and creating more selling ideas in order to maintain a sustainable profit. Regarding instant coffee is kind of commodity which is hard to differentiate, economics of scale would not help to keep the sustainability because price drops even faster. Besides, weak brand loyalty, rapid globalization even fading the product value. Nevertheless, it’s very difficult to minimize the exit barriers. Giving the competitive instant coffee market, there shouldn’t be any more new player joining it. In sum, Nescafe position itself quite well in the market, response quickly to market change, adopt suitable strategy to keep its sustainable growth. It’s a good example to analyze by using the tools we learned from course. How to cite Nescafe and Its Enterprise Type, Papers

Media Journal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples

Question: Discuss about theMedia Journalfor Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Answer: Media Journal- Current Indigenous Health and Well- being issues in Australia: Alcohol Abuse amongst the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Introduction: According to Dudgeon, Milroy Walker, (2014) the Indigenous Australians are not only a single group of people. There are two main groups, the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders. These both twoave their own different thoughts, ideas and beliefs. The indigenous people of Australia have developed the highest rate of ill- health and health related issues than any other racial groups of Australia (Kingsley, Townsend Henderson-Wilson, 2013). As The Australian Bureau of Statistics has surveyed it, it has been seen that there are around 477,000 indigenous people in Australia. Indigenous peoples are the group of the Australian community who are not financially and economically as well equipped as the non indigenous people of Australia(Lovett et al., 2014) A non-Indigenous Australian is estimated to live around a lifespan of 80 years, however, in the case of the Indigenous Australian, the life span is 70 years or even less (Dingwall et al., 2015). The issues regarding the health of the indigenous people are a common issue in Australia. The Indigenous people of Australia have twice the health related issues than the ordinary Australians and have 1.5 times more health issues related to disability and long- term health problems (Parker et al., 2014). The main health issues as seen in the Indigenous people are the rheumatic heart diseases, respiratory diseases, renal failure, mental disorder, bulging and incapability of the ear drum and others (Gibson-Helm et al., 2016). The main factors that may be held responsible for such conditions of the Aboriginals are the substance and alcohol abuse and poor arrangements for health services. As mentioned by Markwick et al., (2014) the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drugs has been widely used by the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders and non- Indigenous Australians. However, the rate of consumption is very high in the case of the Indigenous than the non- Indigenous (Ramamoorthi et al., 2015). In this particular media portfolio, four articles on the topic of alcohol abuse amongst the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander peoples. The main source of information in the developed countries and societies is the mass media. For each of the media item given in this study, an analysis has been presented in the context to it. The key issues have been highlighted, its contribution to the currently chosen topics has been discussed and their links with the model and the approaches that are available on the topic have been shown. Article 1- Alcohol abuse behind high rates of early death among Indigenous, study finds https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/feb/20/alcohol-abuse-behind-high-rates-of-early-death-among-indigenous-study-finds Key Points and their Analysis: The current article on the alcohol abuse behind the early death rates among the Indigenous people of Australia was published in The Guardian. This article deals with the alcohol misuse and the alcohol consuming habit of the indigenous people of Australia. In the year 2015, according to a researcher, it has been mentioned that there are fewer indigenous people who consume alcohol than the non- indigenous people in Australia. However, among the aboriginal people who drink, they drank at a risky level and the excessive consumption of alcohol is associated with health related problems and social problems. It leads to liver diseases, heart diseases, diabetics, cancer and different other long term diseases. However, at times it also contributes to the injuries, accidents and at times deaths and suicide. It has also been estimated that the harms that is caused by alcohol holds for about 5.4% of the total disease and injuries among the indigenous people. How this Article Contributes to the Current Discussion: This particular study is on current health issues and the well-being of the indigenous people and the impacts of the alcohol abuse amongst the indigenous people and the Torres Strait Islander. This article shows the impact of the consuming of alcohol on the health and the lives of the aboriginal people of Australia. The indigenous people due to several mental and physical pressure and reasons are inclined more towards the consumption of high amount of alcohol.This habit leads them towards several health issues such as lung problems, foetal problems and others and finally death. To control these, the government has established many laws restricting the sale of the alcohol and purchase of the alcohol by the indigenous people. Different region were created Dry region or the Restricted regions where the sale, purchase or drinking of alcohol was prohibited by the means of laws. However, these restrictions were of limited effectiveness in overcoming the desire of alcohols in the indigenous people. The non- indigenous used to sell alcohol illegally to the indigenous people at a higher rate to make profit. Links to Model and Approaches: From the estimation of the survey that was done by the National Drug Strategy Household Services in the year 2015, it was found that out of the total 67% Aboriginals over the age of 14 years have consumed alcohol in the past 12 months. From this percentage of alcohol consumers, about 20%, including 17% men and 13% women, consume alcohol at a very high risk level (Stevens, Paradies, 2014). As mentioned by Doyle et al. (2015) social exclusion is the limitation of capabilities and prohibition to access the opportunities. However, it could not be termed as inadequate amount of economic resources or as deprivation of the social necessities. It is actually about the insufficient participation and connectedness with the generals mass (Garcia et al., 2016). The Aboriginals and the Torres Islanders could also be linked with this as they also lack in the connecting and participating with the common population of Australia. On the hand, as mentioned by Jayaraj et al. (2012) the social inclusio n that is the opportunities to participate, connection with the society a have rights of being heard needs to be implemented in the case of the indigenous people. This would provide the Indigenous group to come forward and connect with the rest of the population of the society. This would provide them with chances of getting employment and economic equipped in the general society as well (Marel, MacLean, Midford, 2015). Personal Reflection on this Issue: From the personal point of view, from this article I have gained knowledge about the issue of early death rates of the indigenous people due to high level consuming of alcohol. However, apart from this, I have also earned knowledge about the reason behind the imprisonment of the Aboriginals. The dry zones, areas that banned the consumption of alcohol in the region, were made as to control the drinking habits of the indigenous people however they were still caught drinking in such areas and fined heavily and the indigenous people unable to pay the fine, they end up in the jails. From this we can understand the level of addiction and dependency of the indigenous people to consume alcohol. Article 2- Aboriginal people and alcohol: Not predisposition https://www.cbc.ca/news/aboriginal/aboriginal-people-and-alcohol-not-a-genetic-predisposition-1.2660167 Key Points and their Analysis: This particular article on the predisposition for alcohol by the indigenous people has been published in the CBC News. This article is from Canada and this is being used in this research study to show that the Aboriginal health and alcohol issues is now not only concentrated within the Australia, the other countries are also presenting their view on this. This articles does not only speaks about the effects and the diseases that are caused due to high level of alcohol consumption in the Aboriginal communities but also about the reasons and the sources because of which the there is such high rate of alcohol consuming amongst the indigenous people of both Aboriginal and the Torres Strait Islanders. There is stereotype belief that the indigenous people have a genetic attraction towards the consumption of alcohol. However, this is not true says Dr. Joel Ketter, an associate professor at University of Manitobas faculty. He is also a former chief public health officer of the province. Dr. Ketter states that the intolerance in the indigenous people for the alcohol persists is not genetics or in their blood but this alcoholism is the result of different social and mental conditions. The belief insists on the genetics for such habituate of the Aboriginals however, there is no scientific proof that would support the belief of genetic predisposition for alcohol intolerance of the Indigenous people. Although there will always be some or the theory presented on the topic in the favour of the genetics. DR. Kettner identifies main reason behind the alcohol consumption of the indigenous to be poverty, the social circumstances, the social conditions and others. How this Article Contributes to the Current Discussion: This study is about the effects of the alcohol abuse on the health and the society of the indigenous people of Australia and this article mainly emphasises on the reasons behind such high alcohol consumption level of the indigenous society. The article reveals that the reason behind the alcohol consuming habit of the indigenous people is not due to genetic, the main reason is the poverty, social and the mental pressure through which the aboriginal people have to go through. Although this article directly does not helps in analysing the effects of alcohol on the indigenous people, it still provides its contribution in this study as without knowing the roots of the problem, the results could not be discussed. The study reveals the facts due to which the indigenous people are exposed to these habits of high level of alcohol consumption. The articles shows that the problem such as the poor housing, poverty level and the oppressing of the indigenous community are the main reasons due to w hich the indigenous people are getting more inclining towards the alcoholism. These are the sectors that need to be worked on in order to reduce the number of alcohol abuse in the indigenous society. Links to Model and Approaches: The indigenous people of Australia as mentioned above face the issue regarding the health and mortality twice the normal or the non- indigenous people of Australia. According to Brett et al., (2015), this inequality in the health status the two communities are unavoidable. These inequalities in the health status of the indigenous and the non indigenous people are because of the inequality in the society of the two communities (Gubhaju et al., 2013). As mentioned by Lee et al., (2014) the lifestyle that both the societies live in has a major impact on the health of the people of the society. The indigenous community is considered to be the most backward community in Australia. However, the other communities have modernized (Campbell et al., (2013). As both the societies are not equally developed and advanced and the indigenous people do not have the same employment, education and other opportunities for the non indigenous people (Parker Milroy, 2014). The different social factors th at operate within the society include the family disputes, local or regional disputes, unemployment, poverty, stress and other factors are the main factors that lead the indigenous people in this path of alcoholism and mortality (Cussen, Payne Marks, 2014). Personal Reflection on this Issue: The personal view on this article would that be that the alcohol consuming habit of the indigenous people should be lowered as consequences can be adverse. The reasons identified varied with different social and cultural norms of the societies of the indigenous people. According to my perception, the basic idea is that alcohol predisposition is that the people have an inclination towards alcohol irrespective of genetic factors. The main reason that drivers alcohol intake in aboriginal population is poverty and the living standard accompanied by many different factors too. This study has helped to come over the stereotype belief earlier that the aborigines and the Torres Strait Islanders have a genetic problem that prepositions them for consuming alcohol. However, as per mu understanding alcohol consumption is primarily due to pressures created by society as well as nature of alcohol that creates a sense of tolerance. Drinking to die in Aboriginal communities, says Sharman Stone https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/indigenous/drinking-to-die-in-aboriginal-communities-says-sharman-stone/news-story/d4fa18fbf02e4b890351d72d4507c5b4 Key Points and their Analysis: This article has been published in The Australian. The main key point of this article is drinking to die- the Aboriginal people were consuming excessive alcohols in order to die. As stated in the article Liberal MP Sharman Joshi, the Chairwoman of the Housing Standing Committee on Indigenous Communities has heard in some research that many of the indigenous people were consuming excess of alcohol purposely. The Indigenous of the region were drinking excessive amount of alcohol to die so that they could get rid of the deep feeling of helplessness of the racism, backwardness and boredom of their society. This high amount of alcohol consumption had its consequences as poor health situation and its long-term affect, high incarceration rate, disability and mental problems. This article has also focused on the other issues that are also caused due to alcohol consumption in the Indigenous people. Other such issues include the fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder which at its peak in the case of the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders. Due to this disorder the new generation of children that are born would face brain damage issues and this would not let them to lead a normal life. Lights have also been given on the facts that there are many indigenous communities where alcohol is sold at rates that are even cheaper than the bottled packaged water. There had been many attempts from the government to stop this always ready supply of alcohol and creation of the dry regions. However, this has not been of any help to reduce the issue. How this Article Contributes to the Current Discussion: This article approaches the specific topic through incorporation of tax on liquor so to reduce harm to the indigenous people as the supply is driving the demand. This article also tells about the different other harmful issue that can be highlighted as the social and economic determinants as poverty, mental health, unemployment, grief and loss experience, boredom, ease of access, acceptance by culture on drunkenness and alcohol cost are the primary factors for incessant consumption of alcohol. The fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder are major problems that are also seen in the indigenous people. However, self killing due to alcohol consumption is the result of social causes practised by indigenous people. Links to Model and Approaches: The links and model are highlighted by the supply and demand of alcohol in Australia in aboriginal communities. The demand of alcohol has been seen growing due to availability. However, as said by Sharman Stone, manipulating the supply would not be enough as there is social discomfort as well as boredom in the communities (Martin, 2015). Moreover, if the health outcomes like diabetics, liver disorders, heart diseases, respiratory problems and in some cases even cancer are highlighted then also a person consumes it. Apart from this natural consequences there are also other consequences such as accident and injuries due to it, harms to the community and own family. Scott (2015) mentions excess alcohol drinking by a woman when she is pregnant would cause her unborn child with fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. This is followed by physical and behavioural disorders, learning problems and some mental disorders and brain damage issues that are caused to the unborn baby due to alcohol consumption by the mother during her pregnancy (Davis et al., 2015). Personal Reflection on this Issue: As per my consideration, aboriginal communities have to face atrocities and as they cannot handle the social problems, they resort to drinking alcohol. Moreover, excessive drinking has been leading to death as alcohol is readily available and the supply is able to meet the demand. Therefore, it enlightens the fact that the indigenous people are aware of the consequences and the effects of drinking such high amount of alcohol but they drink it purposely. According to indigenous people, they feel they are the most backward community in Australia and are depressed about this social disadvantages and the racial discrimination that they have to suffer. The Australian kids unlikely to ever the age of 69 https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/the-australian-kids-unlikely-to-ever-grow-old-beyond-the-age-of-69/news-story/9c3eea372f4e22aad60782923917730e Key Points and their Analysis: The present article was published in News.com.au and it put alight of the average life span inequality of the indigenous and the non- indigenous people. The average lifespan of a normal Australian is 79 for males and 83 for females and that for the indigenous males and females it is 69 and 73 respectively. There is almost a 10 years gap between lifespan of the two communities. However, many of the indigenous die even before reaching the estimated age. Although out of the total 23 million population of Australia, the indigenous people make about 3% of the population that is around 470,000 still they are not provided with good education system, professional health solutions and proper health services and facilities. Drugs and alcohol abuse also ahs its devastating impact on this community. In fact, the alcohol abuse has been identified one of the key problem of this region. There is also child mortality problem in the region, which is also an impact of alcohol abuse by the women of the society. The violence and catastrophe that has been created due to the alcohol and drug abuse in the region is also a great advantage in the process of reducing the alcohol consequences in the indigenous community. How this Article Contributes to the Current Discussion: The current discussion on alcohol and drug usage in Australian population has been incorporated due to the problems faced by aboriginal communities because of high intake of alcohol. As a result, Palin (2016), is of the view that this is directly affecting the average lifespan of the indigenous Australians. Although, the media is highlighting the different implementations undertaken by the government but there is no certain change. Moreover, these communities constitute of prison population, which shows that incarceration rate has been rising with rising death rates as well as alcohol drinkers in aboriginal population of Australia. Links to Model and Approaches: The model that this article links is with average expectancy rate of the aboriginal communities of Australia. Moreover, this has been supported by Brett et al. (2015) which depicts that the indigenous Australian communities are in an increasing phenomenon of dying faster than the non- indigenous Australian dies. This happens because of the high level of alcohol consumption issue in the community. In addition, the average lifespan has been compared with the death rates for the indigenous people, which are growing and are around 5- 19 times more than that of the non- indigenous people. However, various health issues lower average lifespan of the individual as well due to rise in alcohol consumption. As shown by Doolan et al. (2013), the alcohol is responsible for suicides among these communities accounts for almost 40% of the male and 30% of the female suicides. Personal Reflection on this Issue: According to my personal concern, the alcohol and drugs has a devastating impact on the original inhabitants of Australia. The increasing death rates of aboriginal communities is calling for concern, which is guided by the government in taking steps for reducing the early death rates in the indigenous society. However, through different approaches and models government is trying to take active measure in eliminating racism and other social issues so that the communities can survive and as a result, the death rates will decrease in long run. Conclusion: From the analysing of the above articles the level, reasons and the consequences of alcohol abuse among the indigenous people of both the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders. There are different fatal and life risking consequences of the alcohol abuse in the community of the indigenous. The summary of the article and the main issues and points in the articles are discussed in the key points and analysis part of the study. The contribution to this study holds the reasons of how the current articles contribute to the chosen topic. The links to the approaches and the model supports the article by linking them to the different models, theories and models on the topic. However, the personal reflection part shows the knowledge gained by the researcher from the articles and the viewpoint of the researcher on the current topic. Reference: Brett, J., Ivers, R., Doyle, M., Lawrence, L., Conigrave, K. (2015). Should naltrexone be the first-line medicine to treat alcohol dependence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations? An Australian perspective.Australian family physician,44(11), 815. Brett, J., Lee, K. S., Gray, D., Wilson, S., Freeburn, B., Harrison, K., Conigrave, K. (2015). Mind the gap: What is the difference between alcohol treatment need and access for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians?.Drug and alcohol review. Campbell, S. K., Lynch, J., Esterman, A., McDermott, R. (2013). Pre-pregnancy predictors of hypertension in pregnancy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in north Queensland, Australia; a prospective cohort study.BMC public health,13(1), 1. Cussen, T., Payne, J., Marks, D. (2014). Policing alcohol and illicit drug use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in metropolitan environments.National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, Canberra. Monograph Series, (48). Davis, T. M., Hunt, K., Bruce, D. G., Starkstein, S., Skinner, T., McAullay, D., Davis, W. A. (2015). Prevalence of depression and its associations with cardio-metabolic control in Aboriginal and Anglo-Celt patients with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.Diabetes research and clinical practice,107(3), 384-391. Dingwall, K. M., Puszka, S., Sweet, M., Nagel, T. (2015). Like Drawing Into Sand: Acceptability, Feasibility, and Appropriateness of a New eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mental Health Resource for Service Providers Working With Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People.Australian Psychologist,50(1), 60-69. Doolan, I., Najman, J. M., Mills, R., Cherney, A., Strathearn, L. (2013). Does child abuse and neglect explain the overrepresentation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people in youth detention? Findings from a birth cohort study.Child abuse neglect,37(5), 303-309. Doyle, M. F., Butler, T. G., Shakeshaft, A., Guthrie, J., Reekie, J., Schofield, P. W. (2015). Alcohol and other drug use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men entering prison in New South Wales.Health Justice,3(1), 1. Dudgeon, P., Milroy, H., Walker, R. (2014). Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice.Pat. Garcia, M. H., Rodriguez, L., Ballesta, T., Bellido, G., Medrano, C., Sevillano, I., ... De La Red, H. (2016). EV459Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. Not just a matter of cultural diversity.European Psychiatry, (33), S495. Gibson-Helm, M. E., Rumbold, A. R., Teede, H. J., Ranasinha, S., Bailie, R. S., Boyle, J. A. (2016). Improving the provision of pregnancy care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women: a continuous quality improvement initiative.BMC pregnancy and childbirth,16(1), 1. Gubhaju, L., McNamara, B. J., Banks, E., Joshy, G., Raphael, B., Williamson, A., Eades, S. J. (2013). The overall health and risk factor profile of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants from the 45 and up study.BMC public health,13(1), 1. Jayaraj, R., Thomas, M., Thomson, V., Griffin, C., Mayo, L., Whitty, M., ... Nagel, T. (2012). High risk alcohol-related trauma among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in the Northern Territory.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy,7(1), 1. Kingsley, J. Y., Townsend, M., Henderson-Wilson, C. (2013). Exploring Aboriginal Peoples Connection to Country to Strengthen HumanNature Theoretical Perspectivesà ¢Ã‹Å"† Ãƒ ¢Ã‹Å"†  In this chapter,Aboriginalrefers to Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people, as this is the preferred terminology of the peak body of Aboriginal community health (NACCHO, 2012). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are members/descendants of Aboriginal cultures of Australia or the Torres Strait Islands, through identification and acceptance by the community. The Australian Human ....Ecological Health: Society, Ecology and Health (Advances in Medical Sociology, Volume 15) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,15, 45-64. Lee, K. S. K., Chikritzhs, T., Wilson, S., Wilkes, A. O., Gray, D., Room, R., Conigrave, K. M. (2014). Better methods to collect selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ reported alcohol and other drug use data from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.Drug and alcohol review,33(5), 466-472. Lovett, R., Dance, P., Guthrie, J., Brown, R., Tongs, J. (2014). Walan Girri: developing a culturally mediated case management model for problematic alcohol use among urban Indigenous people.Australian Health Review,38(4), 440-446. Marel, C., MacLean, S. J., Midford, R. (2015).Review of volatile substance use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. Markwick, A., Ansari, Z., Sullivan, M., Parsons, L., McNeil, J. (2014). Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: a cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria.International journal for equity in health,13(1), 1. Martin, S. (2015).Aborigines drinking to die.Theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 10 October 2016, from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/indigenous/drinking-to-die-in-aboriginal-communities-says-sharman-stone/news-story/d4fa18fbf02e4b890351d72d4507c5b4. Palin, M. (2016).Australian kids unlikely to ever grow old.NewsComAu. Retrieved 10 October 2016, from https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/the-australian-kids-unlikely-to-ever-grow-old-beyond-the-age-of-69/news-story/9c3eea372f4e22aad60782923917730e Parker, R., Milroy, H. (2014). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health: an overview.Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice. 2nd ed. Canberra: Department of The Prime Minister and Cabinet, 25-38. Parker, R., Balaratnasingam, S., Roy, M., Huntley, J., Mageean, A. (2014). Intellectual disability in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice (2nd ed., pp. 373-382). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. Ramamoorthi, R., Jayaraj, R., Notaras, L., Thomas, M. (2015). Epidemiology, etiology, and motivation of alcohol misuse among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders of the Northern Territory: a descriptive review.Journal of ethnicity in substance abuse,14(1), 1-11. Scott, G. (2015). Close the gap: Don't just do something! The indigenous affairs budget.AQ-Australian Quarterly,86(1), 20. Stevens, M., Paradies, Y. (2014). Changes in exposure to life stressors in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population, 2002 to 2008.BMC public health,14(1), 1.

Biological Basis of Homosexuality an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

Biological Basis of Homosexuality There is an ongoing debate on whether homosexuality has a biological basis or not. The search is on for the genetic, chemical, neuranatomical and functional evidence that the third sex is innate and not just a choice or entirely the product of psychosocial factors. There have been several studies supporting this theory. However, they are not without their flaws and even the interpretation of the results leave room for criticism and alternative explanations. This paper aims to examine the so-called proof of the biological basis of homosexuality. Need essay sample on "Biological Basis of Homosexuality" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The theory that homosexuality is partly genetic is based on several twin studies. It was found that there is higher concordance of sexual orientation in identical twins compared to fraternal twins (Bailey et al., 1993 as cited in Byne et al., 1994). Because identical twins have the exact DNA composition, it was hypothesized that the reason for the high concordance rates for sexual orientation is that it is directly affected by our genes. Students Frequently Tell EssayLab writers:I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my boyfriendProfessional writers advise: Your Best Essay HelperOnline Essays For Sale Best Essay Writing Service Writing My Assignment Best Essay Writing Service There are some loopholes in this theory, however, as cited in the book Biology and Human Sexual Orientation (Byne et al., 1994). One is that the twins used in the studies were not reared apart. Hence, they may have had very similar childhood experiences, possibly causing them to have the same sexual orientation. For studies that did deal with identical twins reared apart, the fact remains that they looked alike and as such people around them may have treated them the same way which again leads them to have the same childhood experiences. Concordance rates only tell us the degree to which homosexuality is associated with genetics and not how genetics actually affect homosexuality. Furthermore, it was found that half of the identical twin sets did not have the same sexual orientation, therefore, if genetic does play a role in homosexuality, it is through its interaction with the environment and not direct (Byne et al., 1994). Researchers even went as far as identifying the chromosome responsible for homosexuality. In the controversial study of Hamer, et al. ( 1993, as cited in Rice, et al., 1999), it was claimed that the gene for male homosexuality is localized in the X chromosome, particularly in position Xq28. This is based on their analysis of chromosomes in families with more than one male homosexual sibling. Their study included an investigation on the sexual orientation of first-, second-, and third-degree relatives as well and found that there are more cases of homosexuality in the mothers side as compared to the fathers side, leading them to think that male homosexuality could be an X-linked trait. Indeed, molecular analysis revealed that there is an excess of allele sharing in the region of Xq28. These results were replicated in the study of 33 additional homosexual brothers (Hu et al., 1995 as cited in Rice et al., 1999). However, in the larger-scale study by Rice, et al. (1999), they did not fi nd the shared Xq28 marker. It is unclear why this is so since the sample size differ by only six people. Regardless of the reason, the disparity in findings warrants further investigations into the X-chromosome claim before making any conclusions. Scientists are now also linking homosexuality to androgen exposure early in the fetal development. The Prenatal Hormone Hypothesis is based on the assumption that the brain of a fetus has a potential to develop into a male or female brain depending on the amount of androgens it is exposed to inside the womb (Byne et al., 1994). The theory is that male homosexuality and female heterosexuality are a result of exposure to low levels of androgen while consequently female homosexuality and male heterosexuality are a result of high levels of androgen. The theory was derived from the observation in that female mating behavior such as lordosis can be induced in certain male mammals such as rats, ferrets, pigs, and dogs by reducing the amount of androgen during a critical phase in the early brain development (Adkins-Regan, 1988; Baum et al., 1990 as cited in Pinel, 2003). Likewise, male mating behavior such as mounting can be induced in the female counterparts when androgen levels are elevate d during this period (Adkins-Regan, 1988; Baum et al., 1990 as cited in Pinel, 2003). The main criticism of this hypothesis is that it may not be appropriate to generalize mating behaviors of animals to sexual orientation of humans. For one thing, lordosis is merely a reflex (Byne et al., 1994). Human sexual orientation is extremely complex, involving erotic responses, emotions, and self-identification. It is not just defined by the sexual position one assumes. The stand of Byne et al. (1994) is that it is unlikely that prenatal hormones affect sexual orientation as directly as they do mating behaviors in animals. However, it is also wrong to completely disregard the relevance of these mammalian studies, especially since the pattern is so consistent. Another chemical implicated in male homosexuality is the protein Alpha 1-Antitrypsin. In the experiment conducted by Deam et al. (1989 as cited in Wolfe, 1999) this compound was identified in the blood of 16.3% of the homosexual group and only 8.7% in the heterosexual group. Although there was a significant difference, the study did not explain how this protein affects ones sexual orientation. In addition, there was no way of determining whether this protein was really innate or was acquired through a homosexual lifestyle. In relation to the Prenatal Hormone Hypothesis, as previously mentioned, the theory is that exposure to androgens in the womb affects the subsequent development of the brain. Indeed, they found certain structural differences between the brain of homosexuals and heterosexuals. The fist breakthrough study was by Swaab and Hoffman (1990 as cited in Alexander, 2000). They focused on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. It was already established that this region is sexually dimorphic and significantly larger in men compared to women. They, however, found a clear difference between homosexuals and heterosexuals as well. The region enclosing vasopressin-containing neurons was double the size in homosexual males as compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Levays (1991 as cited in ) controversial study followed soon after. His area of focus was the interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus or INAH; INAH 3 to be exact. INAH 1 was found to vary with sex but not with sexual orientation but INAH 3 varies with both. It was found that INAH 3 is more than twice as large in heterosexual men as they are in women and homosexual men. This region is said to be responsible for the generation of male typical mating behavior (Alexander, 2000). There are, however, several faults in Levays methodology and furthermore, it does not automatically mean that the INAH 3 is in anyway the cause of homosexuality. The sample size used in Levays study was small and because they were conducted on dead bodies, it was impossible to get the accurate sexual history of the subjects. In addition, most of the subjects died of AIDS, this fact in itself a major confounding variable. Testosterone is said to alter the size of INAH 3 (Alexander, 2000). AIDS may cause testicular failure, which in turn decreases the levels of testosterone in the body, thereby possibly reducing the size of INAH 3. In addition, the effects of AIDS treatments on INAH 3 were not examined. The difference in size may be a result of either the treatment or the disease itself. Also, a difference in size does not necessarily mean a difference in function or capacity. Brains of males are generally larger than females but they are not more intelligent because female brains are denser. Alexander (2000) argued that the number of cells in INAH 3 should be compared and not the size. Another area of interest is the anterior commissure. This is sexually dimorphic like the suprachiasmatic nucleus and INAH3. It was found to be larger in females and smaller in males (Pinel, 2003). The interesting thing is that the anterior commissure in homosexual males is not similar in size to that of the female nor was it intermediate between the two sexes. It is actually larger compared to both heterosexual female and heterosexual male (Allen s orientation by looking at any brain structure. As there are gender dimorphic structures in the brain, they too have found functional differences. Alexander and Sufka (1993 as cited in Alexander, 2000) compared patterns in brain activity among homosexual males, heterosexual males and females as they performed verbal, cognitive, and spatial tasks and also while making affective judgements. Activity was measured via EEG in four locations in the left and right hemispheres. They found that the homosexual males displayed greater asymmetry compared to both heterosexual sexes during the verbal, cognitive, and spatial tasks. More precisely, homosexual subjects had greater inhibition in the right hemisphere compared to the heterosexual subjects during the verbal task, and greater inhibition in the left during spatial tasks. In heterosexuals, inhibition was not as pronounced and it was in the same hemisphere for both tasks. The same asymmetry was found in homosexual males when making affective judgments, and again these were not observed in heterosexual males and females. One limitation of this study, as with most studies on the biology of homosexuality, is that they did not use lesbian subjects. In addition, activity was only measured in eight locations. If Alexander and Sufka found asymmetry in homosexual males and not in heterosexuals, the opposite is true in Reite and his colleagues (1995 as cited in Alexander, 2000) study of the M100. This auditory evoked response has also been established as a sexually dimorphic (Reite et al. 1991 as cited in Alexander, 2000). They recorded MEG M100 source location in the left and right hemispheres of nine heterosexual and nine homosexual males. In the heterosexual group, they found an auditory asymmetry in which the response was found substantially anterior on the right hemisphere. In the homosexual group, they did not find this asymmetry. Their findings suggest that there is a difference in either the structure, function, or both, of the superior temporal gyrus between homosexual and heterosexual males. The sample size, however, is too small to make such generalizations. This is the main problem with all studies investigating the biological basis of homosexuality and perhaps the greatest criticism. The evidence cannot hold up due to methodological flaws such as a small sample size or confounding variables. The view that homosexuality is partly biological is not widely accepted because the evidence is not concrete enough to support it. In terms of genetic evidence, there is no way of telling whether specific chromosomes do influence homosexuality or the concordance is a result of a common environment twins and siblings grow up in. For neuranatomic and neurendocrine differences, they have not yet determined if these are innate or acquired through a homosexual lifestyle. Furthermore, individual differences exceed the differences found between homosexual and heterosexual groups. A second criticism to the view that homosexuality has a biological basis is that sexual orientation is far too complex to be determined or directly influenced by just a few brain structures, chromosomes or hormones. This is not to say that it should be concluded that there is no biological basis for homosexuality or that the results of previous studies should be disregarded. However, researchers must always consider that psychosocial factors also play a key role in ones sexual orientation and that it is a product of the interaction between biology and the environment. This may be another nature-nurture or choice debate that has no answer. References Alexander, J. E. (2000). Biological influences on homosexuality. Psychology, Evolution & Gender, 2, 241-252. Byne, W. and Parson, B.(1994). Biology and human sexual orientation. Harvard Mental Health Letter, 10, 5. Pinel, J.P. (2003). Biopsychology (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Rice, G., C., Anderson,C., Risch, N., and Ebers, G. (1999). Male homosexuality: absence of linkage to microsatellite markers at Xq28. Science, 284, 665-667. Wolfe, C. (1999). Homosexuality and American Public Life. Dallas, TX: Spence Publishing Company.

Kandinskys Improvisation 28 What Lurks Beyond the Abstract

Kandinskys Improvisation 28 What Lurks Beyond the Abstract Abstract art has definitely shaken the world, reinventing people’s perception of what reality is (Walther, 2000); and, talking about abstract art, Kandinsky and his daring experiments should be mentioned first. By far the most famous, the most frequently researched and the most often misinterpreted, his Improvisation 28 deserves a close attention.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kandinskys Improvisation 28: What Lurks Beyond the Abstract specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the fact that the chaos depicted in the artwork is typically attributed to the horrors of the World War I, it can be assumed that the artist’s goal was to display not the pointless bloodbath that the WWI was, but the atmosphere of complete denial and total loss of hope that swung in the air since the World War I broke out. Even being a specimen of an abstract art, Kandinsky’s work still has all the properties of a traditio nal artwork. However, some of these properties have been stretched to their furthest extremes, therefore, making the painting look almost grotesque and yet managing to convey the despair that the Improvisation 28 is shot through with. For example, the line is very smooth in the composition; neither or the elements has any sharp edges or simply looks clumsy – every single line is drawn in a nonchalant yet smooth manner. Another formal element worth a discussion is the color cast. On the one hand, the work looks unusually colorful for expressing the despair and sorrow that gripped the world after the WWI. Indeed, taking a quick look at the painting is enough to see that Kandinsky’s choice of colors is very versatile. With yellow, green and blue being the focus of the picture, and a touch of the red color to mark the edges and add the impression of flickers of fire, or, perhaps, a dawning day, the picture might seem rather optimistic. However, the gloomy, almost grayish s hades that Kandinsky uses in his painting suck all the liveliness out of the picture, therefore, making one think of the hopes that used to be so daring and yet were killed so mercilessly. Hence the use of another formal element, i.e., light, stems. With a number of spots left empty on the white canvas, Kandinsky managed to keep the light out of the picture as hard as possible therefore, hinting at the probable post-apocalyptic results of the WWI for the entire humankind (Aronov, 2006). As a result, Kandinsky made a very wise use of space, cluttering the elements that are supposed to symbolize the outcomes of the WWI and leaving considerable white space at the bottom of the picture. Thus, the emptiness, which the bloodbath of the WWI resulted in, was shown to the audience.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The structure of the artwork is rather peculiar. On the one hand, there is no clear symmetry in the painting; every single element has its own unique shape and role in the artwork. However, together, these elements see, weirdly harmonic. For example, the two picture planes that the right prolonged elements split the artwork in, make the painting look especially organic. The line drawn from the upper right side of the picture into the horizon also contributes to understanding the structure of the picture better. The texture of the picture is rather standard. By using oil on canvas, Kandinsky managed to create a truly outstanding work of art. Finally, one must say a couple of words about the composition of the painting. As it has been stressed, the work is split into three parts, i.e., the cluttered left side, a more spacious right side and the horizon, which has been painted in blazing red. It seems that the aforementioned elements represent the chaos (the left side), the devastation and emptiness that the WWI has left the humankind to (the right s ide), and the unclear future (the upper right corner). As it has been stressed above, the key historical context of the Impression 28 is the concept of the World War I as one of the most, if not the most devastating and horrendous events that have ever taken place in the world history. One of the key reasons why the given artwork differs so much from the rest of the portrayals of the WWI, especially the use of smooth lines, can be explained by Kandinsky’s life experience. As Gardner and Kleiner explain, â€Å"Born in Russia, Vassily Kandinsky (1866– 1944) moved to Munich in 1896 and soon developed a spontaneous and aggressively avant-garde expressive style† (Gardner Kleiner, 2009, 386). Therefore, it can be assumed that the Slavic origin, combined with the experience in Germany and, therefore, resulting in both denial of the Nazi movement and the feeling that he was still a part of it, led to Kandinsky developing a very unusual, sharp and emotionally unstable, almost to the point where it turned into a grotesque, painting style: â€Å"Artists, Kandinsky believed, must express the spirit and their innermost feelings by orchestrating color, form, line and space† (Gardner Kleiner, 2009, 692). Improvisation 28, thus, seems the utter manifestation of the given style, Kandinsky’s most successful attempt at portraying his denial of the Nazi policy and the fear of the post-WWI world, with its devastation and the death of all hopes for further development. In some respect, however, Kandinsky’s work can be considered the product of its time. It would be wrong to claim that Kandinsky was the only artist who used the â€Å"lineless† and â€Å"shapeless† manner of painting at the beginning of the XX century. As Selz explained,Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kandinskys Improvisation 28: What Lurks Beyond the Abstract specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first decade of the twentieth century saw European art moving along a number of fronts in the general direction of an art without representational imagery – toward an art purely of colors, lines and shapes that bore no direct relationship to the appearance of the outside world. (Selz, n. d., 421). That being said, one must admit that there is much more to the artwork than most people see in it; the chaotic elements are supposed not to express a specific event in history, even such grandeur one, as the WWI, but to embrace something even more overwhelming, like the spirit of lost hopes that had been soaring in the air since the beginning of the XX century (Knapp, 2000). These were not the acts of violence occurring during the WWI that Vassily Kandinsky focused on, but the moods in the society that drove people to committing these acts of violence. In other words, Improvisation 28 is not supposed to express the artist’s idea about the tendencies in the society at the beginning of the XX century. The painting expresses the turmoil, the fears, the anxiety and the despair of the humankind at the beginning of the new century, making the audience experience every single emotion, which makes the painting unbearably true and amazingly grotesque at the same time. Reference List Aronov, I. (2006). Kandinsky’s quest: A study in the artist’s personal symbolism, 1866–1907. New York, NY: Peter Lang. Gardner, H. Kleiner, F. S. (2009). Gardner’s art through the ages: A concise global history. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Knapp, S. (2000). The contemporary thesaurus of search terms and synonyms: A guide for natural language computer searching. Phoenix, AZ: The Orys Press.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Selz, P. (n. d.). The aesthetic theories of Kandinsky and their relationship to the origin of non-objective painting. Retrieved from https://msu.edu/course/ha/240/selzkandinsky.pdf Walther, I. F. (2000). Art of the 20th century. Vol.1. Koln, DE: Taschen.

Unit Three Critical Discussion Blog Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit Three Critical Discussion Blog - Assignment Example The word rendition means to carry or take something somewhere (with a slightly sinister echo of the word â€Å"render† or reduce and recycle a dead animal). The term as a whole is very abstract. There is no real nonverbal communication in the use of this term, but the body language of people who frequently use it suggests they are hiding something. As is suggested in Chapter 10, the delivery of meaning is very important: if your euphemism is as bad as this one, your body language may suggest you are being dishonest. People should be honest about what they mean. They could say something like international arrest, or extrajudicial arrest, if they want to be more ethical. As the textbook suggests, it is not ethical for members of government to try to hide the truth from citizens by using euphemisms. Another similar euphemism is Enhanced Interrogation Techniques when people mean

Human production Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human production - Assignment Example At puberty, the kiss1 gene activates GPR54 gene which then activates hypothalamus to produce GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone); a hormone that stimulates pituitary gland to produce hormones that affect testicles and ovaries. In males, testosterone is produced that affects the development of testes and penis along with the development of secondary sexual characteristics. In females, estradiol is produced by ovaries and it brings about the development of reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics. An additional effect is the onset of menarche. 6. Spermatogenesis may be divided into three phases: spermatocytogenesis which is a proliferative phase; meiosis which produced cells containing half number of chromosomes and spermiogenesis (mitosis allows division of spermatogonia and they develop into primary spermatocytes and during Meiosis 2 secondary spermatocytes are produced) in which spermatozoa are produced. Seminiferous tubules allow spermatozoa a channel to pass through. Spermiogenesis comes to an end when spermatozoa are released from sertoli cells. Androgen (testosterone) is produced by Leydig cells. 7. Sperms are produced within seminiferous tubules from where they migrate to epididymis. They are stored here until maturation. During ejaculation, the sperm travel from epididymis to vas deferens, the ampulla. At this point other secretions are added to the sperms and the mixture is then propelled towards the ejaculatory duct and then while passing through urethra prostrate gland’s secretions is added. The combination of all these products is now known as semen which takes on a milky color; a secretion that is then expelled out of the body. Uterus is made up of layers of smooth muscle and it is hollow from within. It consists of an isthmus, cervix, fundus and a body. During menstruation, the inner lining show growth of tissue; preparation of the uterus for implantation if

U4 Discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

U4 Discussion - Coursework Example In the case of accessing files shared, a user maybe unable to access files that they ought to access when logged on locally. This may be due to permissions which are assigned to the user or to the group of which the user is a member. The permissions given (both share permissions and file permissions) should be checked to see if there is an exception to the rule (Microsoft Support, 2006). The exception includes an explicit deny permission to a certain file or folder. Deny permissions assist in enumerating the certain tasks that can be performed by users. Sometimes it is necessary to restrict access, more so to printers. In companies it is necessary to know what is being printed on the printer network. For example in the accounts department, the settings of the printer are configured to prevent every domain user from using it. It also allows tracking of the legitimate checks that have been printed. Other situations includes when a company wants to restrict printers which use expensive supplies. In healthcare the privacy and confidentiality of information is a virtue, thus restriction to what is printed and who can print comes in handy. Printer administration can be simplified by use of printer pooling. This is a standard feature of windows 2000, XP and NT that allows an administrator to spread out printed output to several printers (pool). It enables the server to have good management of multiple printers using a single printer instance, this provides some sort of load balance and it is important for administrative purposes. 3. Although your textbook does not talk at length about printer priorities (involving multiple print queues or objects), do some research on this topic and tell how it differs from printer pooling. Under what circumstances would you want to implement printing priorities? This is different from printer priority which involves setting different virtual

Viable Cell Counting In Yeast Suspension Biology Essay

Viable Cell Counting In Yeast Suspension Biology Essay The aim of this experiment was to estimate the number of viable cells in a yeast suspension that was already provided. Estimations of the viable yeast cells were taken via two methods of plating; pour plating and spread plating, of which hot agar was used with the pour plate technique. The results that were obtained for this experiment show that overall; the spread plate method gives a higher yield of viable yeast cells compared to the total count value of 2.8 x 10^7. This experiment was conducted to estimate the number of viable cells in a yeast suspension, already provided. The definition of a viable cell, as stated in the Collins English Dictionary, 2008, p991 is capable of growth. Therefore, the definition of a viable yeast cell is a yeast cell capable of living and being able to grow. In industrial and research settings, there is a need to quantify the microbe content of microbial products. The method for doing this varies for different types of microbes. Traditionally, the first microbes to be used commercially were bacteria and yeasts. These are typically single-celled species that can be grown in natural and artificial media, and are well-suited to growth in agar gels on Petri plates. Using this method, individual cells or clumps of cells will form discrete colonies, which become visible to the naked eye as the colony grows. Counting the number of colonies provides a direct way to track the original number of discrete microbial units. A count determined this way been dubbed the number of Colony-Forming Units or CFU for short. CFUs are only applicable to single-celled microbes that can be grown on nutrient media, such as bacteria, yeasts, or spore-forming moulds. As the total count for the number of yeast cells was so vast (2.8 x 10^7) dilutions were made in order for a characteristic estimate of the total count of yeast cells to be made. Having diluted the sample enabled the human eye to count an estimate of the yeast cells. If dilutions had not been carried out, the sample of yeast cells would have been far too large and it would have been extremely time consuming and impossible to count the number of yeast cells. A haemocytometer enables for an estimate of the total number of yeast cells present. It has a known volume of chamber and area which is etched on the glass. A cell suspension is able to be above the known area. The chamber is then filled with a yeast suspension then covered with a cover slip. An average number of microbes can then be counted in the ruled area to give the number of yeast cells per cm ³. The aim of this experiment was essentially, to estimate the total number of yeast cells in a culture and to estimate the number of living (viable) yeast cells. Materials and Methods The total count of the yeast cells originally estimated by the haemocytometer was 3.8 x 10^7, however, it was later concluded that this was incorrect due to a mix up from another class. The new result for the estimated total count of the yeast cells was 2.8 x 10^7. This number was clearly too large and a series of ten fold dilutions were carried out in order to make it easier to estimate and investigate the viable yeast cells. A series of ten fold dilutions were needed as this is an important technique in identifying the viable cells. As a figure of 2.8 x 10^7 was established and it is vital that the number of colonies attained remains within the range of 30-300. So the dilution for a range of 30 300 is 1/100 (10^-2), however, it is essential that further dilutions, both above and below 1/100 are used; 1/10 (10^-1) and 1/1000 (10^-3). To make the estimation more accurate, dilutions of 10^-4, 10^-5 and 10^-6 were also used for both pour and spread plates. For full method, please refer to introduction to biology, microbiology and pharmacology practical booklet, pp 13-14. Results The results obtained for the pour plate and spread plate methods were as follow: 10^-1 10^-2 10^-3 10^-4 10^-5 10^-6 Pour plate (ml) TNTC TNTC TNTC TNTC 83 8 Spread plate (ml) TNTC TNTC TNTC 100 10 1 Key: TNTC Too numerous to count To determine the number of colony forming units (CFU) cm^-3 this calculation was used: Counts on plate x (1/dilution) x (1/volume inoculated (ml)) The calculations that were carried in order to determine the number of colony forming units (CFU) cm^-3 of the original culture for the pour plate and spread plate are shown below: Calculations for pour plate method: 83 x 1/10^-5 a 1/1 = 8.3 x 10^6 CFU, ml Calculations for spread plate method: 100 x 1/10^-4 x 1/0.1 = 1.0 x 10^7 CFU, ml The volumes inoculated for the pour and spread plate were different, the pour plate was inoculated with 1.0cm^-3 and the spread plate with 0.1micrometer. Discussion The table in the results sections shows that the values of the colonies that were counted for each of the plating techniques show good continuation, especially with the spread plate as the figures are increasing by a factor of ten each time. The figure obtained for the total count was 2.8 x 10^7, comparing this to the figure calculated for the pour plate method, 8.3 x 10^6 CFU, ml there has been a loss in the number of viable cells using this method, there has been a decrease of 1.97 x 10^7 of viable yeast cells. Comparing the total count value to the spread plate figure of 1.0 x 10^7 there was also a loss of viable yeast cells, with a loss of 1.8 x 10^7. This decrease in viable yeast cells compared to the pour plate loss is lower. The hot agar used in the pour plate technique may injure or kill sensitive cells; thus spread plates sometimes give higher counts than pour plates.(p 130, Microbiology, Seventh Edition, Joanne M. Willey et al) The above statement backs up the results of the experiment, as the spread plate technique has given a considerable higher count of viable yeast cells. Other factors that may have resulted in the smaller number of viable yeast cells in the pour plate method could have been that there is a much higher likelihood that clumps of the colonies may have formed together in portions of the plate, making it much more difficult to count. This occurs less in spread plating, as the clumps are broken up, and therefore there is a better distribution of the cells. Other factors that may have affected the results obtained for this experiment were the techniques used for the serial dilutions. With each sequential serial dilution step, there may have been transfer inaccuracies that lead to less accurate and less precise dispensing. This meant that the highest dilutions had the highest number of inaccuracies. Also, after every inoculation, the dilution must be thoroughly mixed; this was not carried during any of the dilutions, so this may have also affected the number of viable yeast cells. Finally, when doing viable counts, the higher dilution is, the more error is found in estimating the count of the original volume. For example, there were 10 colonies growing on the 10^-5 spread plate, and it was estimated that there were approximately 500000 colonies in the original suspension, but this was only an estimation to the closest hundred thousand. Likewise, with higher dilutions, such as the 10^6 on the pour plate, it was only estimated to the closest million. There were some limitations to the experiment, which may have altered the results slightly. Not having much experience in using the Gilson pipettes may have had an impact on the accuracy of the pipetting that was done during the serial dilutions.

Sarah Grimke and Frederick Douglass :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When I mention the names Sarah Grimke and Frederick Douglass what comes to mind? Abolitionists? Equal rights activists? Of course, these two individuals are making great strives to fight for what they believe in. The sad thing about it is that we don’t have enough people with the likes of these two. England abolished slavery in 1834 so how long will we go on with this inhumane cruelty toward people. Our country is in a state of denial and if we don’t wake up soon, we will all pay the price. I’m going to discuss a little bit about these two abolitionist speakers, than compare and contrast their roles of rhetoric, morality, ideas, and backgrounds. They are Sarah Grimke and Frederick Douglass. Sarah was born in 1792 and Frederick was born in 1818. These two individuals are very devoted to abolishing slavery and finding true equal rights but ironically, other than their gender and race difference, they both come from unique backgrounds. Sarah was white and born into a large wealthy family. Her father owned a plantation with slaves and Sarah grew to hate the abuse that the slaves had to endure. She was deeply religious and felt that slavery was against her moral beliefs. She speaks a lot from the bible and believes that men and women were created equal. After the death of her father she moved out of South Carolina and moved up North to pursue a role as an abolitionist and women’s rights activist. Now on the other had Frederick was born into slavery. He was living in Maryland, born to a white man unknown to him and his mother was also a slave. Frederick pursued how to read and write while being a slave but found that it was an uphill battle, because no slaves were permitted to be educated. Frederick persevered and learned to read and write but prior to his escape up North his moral was very low because being educated as a slave he states, â€Å"It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy. It opened my eyes to the horrible pit, but to no ladder upon which to get out†(Narrative of the Life of F.D. Pg 1073 col.2). Can you imagine this; a slave that can now read and write all of a sudden wishes the opposite? It’s tough to stomach the grief that he must have felt during that time.

Mate Selection

It is not uncommon for individuals to bargain with themselves in an effort to create motivation where none exists: If I get the lawn mowed before noon, I’ll spend the rest of the day watching football; if I lose five pounds, I’ll buy that new dress.   Sometimes, when individuals bargain, it isn’t as much for motivation as it is for justification: If my boss won’t give me that raise, I’ll stop working those extra hours; I had every right to flip that guy off because he cut right in front of me. These are instances in which the bargaining is self-motivated, self-serving, and self-indulgent, and while effective and perhaps necessary, the stakes in most of these circumstances isn’t necessarily high.   After all, who’s going to know or care if a yard goes unmowed, a dress is prematurely purchased, an extra hour isn’t spent at one’s desk, or a flip-off wasn’t honestly deserved?   However, when it comes to choosing a mate in a relationship, the role played by bargaining carries a much higher stake, and the consequences of poor judgment while bargaining and/or poor bargaining tactics can be devastating. The degree to which bargaining occurs during the mate selection process varies from person to person as do the focal point(s) of the bargain; however, there are a number of areas that are particularly intriguing. â€Å"The Necessities and Luxuries of Mate Preferences: Testing the Tradeoffs† (2002)  focuses on the degree to which â€Å"women and men first ensure sufficient levels of necessities in  potential mates before considering many other characteristics† (Li, Bailey, Kenrick, &  Linsenmeier).   Factors such as a potential mate’s attractiveness and social status are essential  according to Li, et al. (2002); however, because their research placed greater emphasis on  realistic economic potential as opposed to that of previous research (which allowed for  speculation regarding â€Å"how to spend imaginary lottery winnings†), a pattern that had not  previously emerged became clear: the sexes do not always agree on what constitutes a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"necessity† versus what constitutes a â€Å"luxury† (Li, et al., 2002). American social construct is partially responsible for this difference.   Men are far more likely to have access to â€Å"status, power, and resources†; therefore, these are deemed â€Å"necessary† traits by women who seek a mate.   On the other hand, men view women as the means by which offspring can be produced, and based on this, they see physical attractiveness and age as â€Å"necessary† factors in mate selection (Li, et al., 2002).   Obviously, this requires a great degree of bargaining as the two subjects are (at least initially) focused on absolutely different traits while evaluating a potential mate Where Li, et al. conclude that much of the bargaining that occurs in mate selection is based on the differences between what men and women consider â€Å"necessary,† â€Å"Gender Socialization: How Bargaining Power Shapes Social Norms and Political Attitudes,† (2005) examines the social dynamics that might be responsible for creating the basis for the differences between the sexes regarding what is â€Å"necessary† (Iversen & Rosenbluth). Iversen and Rosenbluth (2005) focus on the issue of patriarchy â€Å"and explore its effects on female social, economic, and political status† in order to evaluate â€Å"mate choice preferences between agricultural, industrial, and post-industrial societies.†Ã‚   This research was an intriguing undertaking, and what it revealed was the effect that social structure had on the bargaining that took place in mate selection. Social settings that required brawn (i.e. the agricultural and industrial periods) required women willingly bargain to find a mate who was physically capable of performing basic household and wage-earning duties (Iverson & Rosenbluth).   Women often bargained for a mate with physical strength by giving up living arrangements, locations, and circumstances.   Because women of the agricultural and industrial periods were not physically capable of performing some tasks and legally barred from others, there was little choice but for them to put aside almost everything but sheer physical strength when undertaking bargaining during mate selection (Iversen & Rosenbluth). When the post-industrial period was examined, two significant differences were seen.   First, because the need for physical prowess to survive at home and at work had diminished, women were far less likely to bargain away everything simply to secure a strong man.   â€Å"Once employment opportunities for women [began to approach] those of men in quantity and quality, socialization [began] to shift away from [women’s] ‘playing the marriage market’ † (Iversen & Rosenbluth). No longer would women willingly pack up and move hundreds of miles away from all family and all friends, nor would they automatically settle for a man of lower social and economic status in order to marry brawn—women could consider themselves wage-earners and be more choosey when it came to potential mates (Iversen & Rosenbluth). The second phenomenon that was revealed was â€Å"the declining importance of virginity† that factored into the bargaining (Iversen & Rosenbluth).   Where women of the agricultural and industrial periods had to secure their virginity absolutely, women of the post-industrial period were not as likely to be dismissed as ineligible brides by the men of the era simply because they were no longer virgins.   This degree of personal control had a freeing effect on women who began to see themselves as capable of autonomy (Iversen & Rosenbluth). Much of this seems to indicate a breaking away on the part of women, and Iversen and Rosenbluth (2005) conclude that â€Å"while mate preferences in agrarian societies seemed to reflect an inevitable female resignation to their subordination, modern mate preferences are more egalitarian, and the gender gap in policy preferences suggest that many women are hoping to use the democratic state to make them more egalitarian still.† Given the number of times a day an individual is likely to bargain with him/herself over routine actions or mundane decisions, it seems reasonable that a great deal of bargaining go into something as significant as the selection of one’s mate.   Research seems to indicate that like other acknowledged differences that exist between the sexes, the degree to which certain factors influence bargaining with and selection of a potential mate may depend on the gender of the evaluator. Further, it seems that as time passes and the more independent women become, the more the evaluative items regarding what is â€Å"necessary† may change in the minds of both males and females. References Iversen, T. & Rosenbluth, F.   (2005).   Gender socialization: How bargaining power shapes social norms and political attitudes.   Retrieved October 22, 2006. Li, N. P., Bailey, J. M., Kenrick, D. T., & Linsenmeier, J. A. W.   (2002).   The necessities and luxuries of mate preferences: Testing and tradeoffs.   Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6). Retrieved October 22, 2006               

Manhattan Project And The A-Bomb Essays - Manhattan Project

Manhattan Project And The A-Bomb Essays - Manhattan Project Manhattan Project and the A-Bomb Just before the beginning of World War II, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Urged by Hungarian-born physicists Leo Szilard, Eugene Wingner, and Edward Teller, Einstein told Roosevelt about Nazi German efforts to purify Uranium-235 which might be used to build an atomic bomb. Shortly after that the United States Government began work on the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was the code name for the United States effort to develop the atomic bomb before the Germans did. "The first successful experiments in splitting a uranium atom had been carried out in the autumn of 1938 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin"(Groueff 9) just after Einstein wrote his letter. So the race was on. Major General Wilhelm D. Styer called the Manhattan Project "the most important job in the war . . . an all-out effort to build an atomic bomb."(Groueff 5) It turned out to be the biggest development in warfare and science's biggest development this century. The most complicated issue to be addressed by the scientists working on the Manhattan Project was "the production of ample amounts of 'enriched' uranium to sustain a chain reaction."(Outlaw 2) At the time, Uranium-235 was hard to extract. Of the Uranium ore mined, only about 1/500 th of it ended up as Uranium metal. Of the Uranium metal, "the fissionable isotope of Uranium (Uranium- 235) is relatively rare, occurring in Uranium at a ratio of 1 to 139."(Szasz 15) Separating the one part Uranium-235 from the 139 parts Uranium-238 proved to be a challenge. "No ordinary chemical extraction could separate the two isotopes. Only mechanical methods could effectively separate U-235 from U-238."(2) Scientists at Columbia University solved this difficult problem. A "massive enrichment laboratory/plant"(Outlaw 2) was built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. H. C. Urey, his associates, and colleagues at Columbia University designed a system that "worked on the principle of gaseous diffusion."(2) After this process was completed, "Ernest O. Lawrence (inventor of the Cyclotron) at the University of California in Berkeley implemented a process involving magnetic separation of the two isotopes."(2) Finally, a gas centrifuge was used to further separate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. The Uranium-238 is forced to the bottom because it had more mass than the Uranium-235. "In this manner uranium-235 was enriched from its normal 0.7% to weapons grade of more than 90%."(Grolier 5) This Uranium was then transported to "the Los Alamos, N. Mex., laboratory headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer."(Grolier 5) "Oppenheimer was the major force behind the Manhattan Project. He literally ran the show and saw to it that all of the great minds working on this project made their brainstorms work. He oversaw the entire project from its conception to its completion."(Outlaw 3) Once the purified Uranium reached New Mexico, it was made into the components of a gun-type atomic weapon. "Two pieces of U-235, individually not large enough to sustain a chain reaction, were brought together rapidly in a gun barrel to form a supercritical mass that exploded ineztaneously."(Grolier 5) "It was originally nicknamed 'Thin Man'(after Roosevelt, but later renamed 'Little Boy' (for nobody) when technical changes shortened the proposed gun barrel."(Szasz 25) The scientists were so confident that the gun-type atomic bomb would work "no test was conducted, and it was first employed in military action over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945."(Grolier 5) Before the Uranium-235 "Little Boy" bomb had been developed to the "point of seeming assured of success,"(Grolier 5) another bomb was proposed. The Uranium-238 that had been earlier ruled out as an option was being looked at. It could capture a free neutron without fissioning and become Uranium-239. "But the Uranium-239 thus produced is unstable (radioactive) and decays first to neptunium-239 and then to plutonium-239."(Grolier 5) This proved to be useful because the newly created plutonium-239 is fissionable and it can "be separated from uranium by chemical techniques,"(6) which would be far simpler than the physical processes to separate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. Once again the University of Chicago, under Enrico Fermi's direction built the first reactor. "This led to the construction of five large reactors at Hanford, Wash., where U-238 was irradiated with neutrons and transmuted into plutonium."(6)

EE Cummings essays

EE Cummings essays E. E. Cummings, who was born in 1894 and died in 1962, wrote many poems with unconventional punctuation and capitalization, and unusual line, word, and even letter placements - namely, ideograms. Cummings' most difficult form of prose is probably the ideogram; it is extremely terse and it combines both visual and auditory elements. There may be sounds or characters on the page that cannot be verbalized or cannot convey the same message if pronounced and not read. Four of Cummings' poems - l(a, mortals), !blac, and swi( - illustrate the ideogram form quite well. Cummings utilizes unique syntax in these poems in order to convey messages visually as well as verbally. Although one may think of l(a as a poem of sadness and loneliness, Cummings probably did not intend that. This poem is about individuality - oneness (Kid 200-1). The theme of oneness can be derived from the numerous instances and forms of the number '1' throughout the poem. First, 'l(a' contains both the number 1 and the singular indefinite article, 'a'; the second line contains the French singular definite article, 'le'; 'll' on the fifth line represents two ones; 'one' on the 7th line spells the number out; the 8th line, 'l', isolates the number; and 'iness', the last line, can mean "the state of being I" - that is, individuality - or "oneness", deriving the "one" from the lowercase roman numeral 'i' (200). Cummings could have simplified this poem drastically ("a leaf falls:/loneliness"), and still conveyed the same verbal message, but he has altered the normal syntax in order that each line should show a 'one' and highlight the theme of oneness. In fact, the whole poem is shaped like a '1' (200). The shape of the poem can also be seen as the path of a falling leaf; the poem drifts down, flipping and altering pairs of letters like a falling leaf gliding, back and forth, down to the grou...

Commanding Heights Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Commanding Heights - Movie Review Example To add on that, consider this scenario, a documentary of cancer that is funded by manufacturers of cigarette, will you believe it fully? Then what you think about an economics documentary that is sponsored by large world corporations? From that, it can be concluded that although Commanding Heights is a PBS production, it is not objective and neutral. This can be demonstrated clearly as the first thing seen are the advertisements from the program corporate sponsors including British Petroleum and the federal express. On further audit, it is crystal clear that one of the original founders of the documentary was Enron even after the company scandalous fall. This illustrates Commanding Heights is substantially a piece of propaganda for the world mega-corporation as the financiers of the program have a major interest in advocating for pro-deregulation economic issues and Pro- big business. Â  This series encompasses frustrating duality: it is informative on issues of the contemporary politics and history but apparently, the bias not only on the choice of facts to present and not to present but also in the interpretation. Episode one, (the battle of ideas), examines two substantial competing ideologies about the economy of the world. Firstly it looks at the analogy of the free market as propagated by an economics theorist called Hayek. On the other hand, it looks at the concept of `planned economy’ as advocated by Keynes. It tracks how the ideological climate transitioned from one to the other over a century with a corresponding impact on the policies of the government. The synopsis of the specific opinion of these two critical thinkers is the most crucial part of this episode while the evaluation of the advantages of these positions is the least important.

Head-O produced by Fatih Akin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Head-O produced by Fatih Akin - Essay Example That night, in the streets all alone and with no one else to turn to, she decides she does not want to live anymore and baits some men to beat her up. She is stabbed by one of them and then they leave her all out there to die, but to her luck she does not die though it is not clear how she manages to recover from both the rape and assault. After serving his jail term, Cahit is out again. Determined to find Sibel again, he sets on for Istanbul where Sibel had gone to live with her cousin Selma. The cousin refuses to disclose to Cahit where Sibel lives but informs him of her being in a long-term relationship and her having a daughter. Cahit wants to talk to Sibel and is waiting in a hotel for a call from Sibel. When she finally calls, he tries to convince her to elope with him, something she finally agrees to. Unfortunately, she does not show up at the appointed date for reasons not disclosed. Eventually, Cahit beaten by life takes on a bus, probably headed to his place of Birth, Mersi n. Theme (main idea) The main theme brought forward by Head-On is the conflict of cultures between individuals of Turkish origin and their daily lives in Germany. Both characters are of Turkish origin but they live in Germany; Hamburg where the setting of the movie was made. Sibel’s family represents the conventional conservative Turkish culture. Sibel, having grown up within a liberal German culture yearns to break away from the yoke of her family restrictions. She is more open-minded and libel about her sexuality and that is why she can afford to engage in one-night stands. Cahit on the other hand is torn between both cultures. He has an element of both German and Turkish cultures and he is not yet decided completely which way... The main theme brought forward by Head-On is the conflict of cultures between individuals of Turkish origin and their daily lives in Germany. Both characters are of Turkish origin but they live in Germany; Hamburg where the setting of the movie was made. Sibel’s family represents the conventional conservative Turkish culture. Sibel, having grown up within a liberal German culture yearns to break away from the yoke of her family restrictions. She is more open-minded and libel about her sexuality and that is why she can afford to engage in one-night stands. Cahit on the other hand is torn between both cultures. He has an element of both German and Turkish cultures and he is not yet decided completely which way to go. This is the reason why he was reluctant to engage in a marriage of convenience in the first place and even after the marriage, he was in a relationship with a single partner, though on-again and off-again. This could also be the reason why he was enraged with Sibelà ¢â‚¬â„¢s previous partner and the eventual killing.The cities have also been carefully selected to effectively carry message home. Hamburg, the place where the movie is set, represents a multi-cultured population where people from various citizenry and cultures converge. The increased Turkish population could be traced to the 17th and 18th century the period during which there was an attempt to expand the Ottoman Empire to the North Balkan territories leaving a trail of Muslim Turks from the army.